Estudio de Prospectiva sobre Tecnologías de Biosensores
aplicaciones de uso dual en los ámbitos civil y militar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70545/ran.v9i13.13517Palabras clave:
Monitoreo fisiológico, Dispositivos electrónicos portátiles, Rendimiento humanoResumen
Este estudio de prospectiva analiza el avance de las tecnologías de biosensores con potencial de uso dual en contextos tanto civiles como militares. El objetivo principal es anticipar tendencias tecnológicas, evaluar los niveles de madurez tecnológica y identificar aplicaciones relevantes orientadas al monitoreo de la salud, la mejora del rendimiento físico y la preparación operativa. Los biosensores han experimentado una evolución significativa, pasando de ser detectores fisiológicos rudimentarios a convertirse en sistemas sofisticados—portables, implantables e ingeribles—capaces de realizar monitoreo fisiológico en tiempo real. Entre los principales avances destacan la miniaturización de dispositivos, la integración de inteligencia artificial y la adopción de protocolos de comunicación inalámbrica, factores que amplían su aplicabilidad en entornos operacionales exigentes. En el ámbito militar, estas tecnologías permiten el monitoreo continuo de indicadores críticos como la fatiga, el estrés y el riesgo de lesiones. En contextos civiles, los biosensores están transformando prácticas en medicina personalizada, salud ocupacional, ciencias del deporte y telesalud. El marco metodológico del estudio incluye técnicas de horizon scanning, análisis de tendencias en patentes y publicaciones científicas, evaluación de los niveles de madurez tecnológica (Technology Readiness Levels - TRL), así como herramientas estratégicas como los análisis FODA (SWOT) y PESTEL. Los resultados evidencian que Estados Unidos lidera el campo en cuanto a registros de patentes y producción científica, con un enfoque particular en sensores neurofisiológicos y plataformas multimodales. Los escenarios futuros proyectados para el horizonte 2030–2040 varían desde una adopción ética plenamente integrada en múltiples sectores hasta desafíos relacionados con la privacidad de datos, amenazas ciberbiológicas y la gobernanza del uso dual. El desarrollo responsable de estas tecnologías requiere inversiones coordinadas en investigación y desarrollo, colaboración interdisciplinaria y el establecimiento de marcos éticos y regulatorios sólidos. El estudio concluye destacando la importancia estratégica de los biosensores para la consolidación de sistemas de salud y defensa resilientes y basados en datos.
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