Risco de Transtorno Alimentar e Comportamento Alimentar Intuitivo de Estudantes Militares Brasileiros
Resumo
Este estudo analisou as atitudes relacionadas à alimentação e a prevalência de risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares (TA) entre estudantes militares. Um objetivo secundário foi comparar a prevalência dos dados demográficos e estabelecer o efeito da alimentação intuitiva e da prática de exercícios no risco de TA. Uma amostra de 256 estudantes militares do sexo masculino da Escola de Educação Física do Exército respondeu aos questionários Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) e Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2), além de questões sobre idade, estado civil, arma militar no Exército Brasileiro, massa corporal e estatura autorreferidas e nível de atividade física (Índice Kasari Fit). Aplicou-se Kruskal-Wallis para avaliar os escores fatoriais totais do EAT-26 e IES-2 entre intensidades de atividade física autorreferidas. Uma análise de regressão linear múltipla (método forward) foi realizada para investigar o impacto dos fatores alimentares intuitivos nos transtornos alimentares. Os resultados mostraram que 4,9% dos estudantes militares corriam o risco de desenvolver TA. Foi encontrada diferença significativa na frequência de prática de exercício físico para o escore total do EAT (U=4375,5, p=0,04, r=0,14) e na UPE (U=3988,5, p=0,005, r=0,19). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas pontuações do EAT-26 de acordo com os dados demográficos. Fatores da alimentação intuitiva (UPE, BFCC e EPR) mostraram influência significativa nas atitudes de TA (F(3, 228)=39,78, p< 0,001; R2ajustado=0,27). Em conclusão, estes resultados apontaram para uma elevada prevalência de risco de TA em estudantes militares, e que a alimentação intuitiva teve um impacto protetor; contudo, a prática de exercício físico não parece influenciar.
Downloads
Referências
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. DSM- 5º edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
ANTCZAK, A.; BRININGER, T. Diagnosed eating disorders in the US Military: a nine-year review. Eating Disorders, v. 16, p. 363–377, 2008. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10640260802370523 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260802370523
AVALOS, L.; TYLKA, L. Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, v. 53, n. 4, p. 486-497, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486
BABBOTT, K.; CAVADINO, A.; BRENTON-PETERS, J.; CONSEDINE, N.; ROBERTS, M. Outcomes of intuitive eating interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eating Disorders, p. 1-31, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2022.2030124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2022.2030124
BARTLETT, B.; MITCHELL, K. Eating disorders in military and veteran men and women: a systematic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, v. 48, p. 1057-1069, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22454
BEEKLEY. M.; BYRNE, R.; YAVOREK, T.; KIDD, K.; WOLFF, J.; JOHNSON, M. Incidence, prevalence, and risk of eating disorder behaviors in military academy cadets. Military Medicine, v. 174, n. 6, p. 637-641, 2009. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-02-1008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-02-1008
BODELL, L.; FORNEY, K.; KEEL, P.; GUTIERREZ, P.; JOINER, T. Consequences of making weight: A review of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in the United States military. Clinical Psychology, v. 21, p. 398-409, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12082
CALOGERO, R.; TYLKA, T.; BETHHARTM, B.; PEDROTTY-STUMP, K. Attunement with exercise (AWE). In: TYLKA, T.; PIRAN, N. (Eds) Handbook of positive body image and embodiment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, 80-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0009
CARBONNEAU, N.; CARBONNEAU, E.; CANTIN, M.; GAGNON-GIROUARD, M. Examining women's perceptions of their mother's and romantic partner's interpersonal styles for a better understanding of their eating regulation and intuitive eating. Appetite, v. 92, p. 156-166, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.020
COLE, R.; CLARK, H.; HEILESON, J.; DeMAY, J.; SMITH, M. Normal weight status in military service members was associated with intuitive eating characteristic. Military Medicine, v. 181, p. 589-595, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00250
COLE, R. et al. The My Body Knows When program increased intuitive eating characteristics in a military population. Military Medicine, v. 184, e200-e206, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy403
da SILVA, W.; NEVES, A.; FERREIRA, L.; CAMPOS, J.; SWAMI, V. A psychometric investigation of Brazilian Portuguese versions of the caregiver eating messages scale and intuitive eating scale-2. Eating and Weight Disorders, v. 25, n. 1, p. 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3
FORTES, L.; AMARAL, A.; ALMEIDA, S.; CONTI, M.; FERREIRA, M. Qualidades psicométricas do eating attitudes test (eat-26) para adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, v. 32, p. 1-7, 2016. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-3772e323220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-3772e323220
GALMICHE, M.; DÉCHELOTTE, P.; LAMBERT, G.; TAVOLACC, M. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 109, n. 5, 1402-1413, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy342
GARNER, D.; GARFINKEL, P. The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychology Medicine, v. 9, p. 273-279, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700030762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700030762
KASARI, D. Effects of exercise and fitness on serum lipids in college women. 1976, 124 p. Unpublished Master's Dissertation, University of Montana, USA, 1976
LINARDON, J.; TYLKA, T.; FULLER-TYSZKIEWICZ, M. (2021). Intuitive eating and its psychological correlates: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, v. 54, n. 7, p. p. 1073-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23509
LINDEMAN, M.; STARK, K. Loss of pleasure, ideological food choice reasons and eating pathology. Appetite, v. 35, p. 263-268, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2000.0357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2000.0357
McNULTY, A. Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in active duty service women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. Military Medicine, v. 166, p. 53-58, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/166.1.53
PASOLD, T.; McCRACKEN, A.; WARD-BEGNOCHE, W. (2014). Binge eating in obese adolescents: emotional and behavioral characteristics and impact on health-related quality of life. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, v. 19, p. 299-312, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104513488605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104513488605
SCHMIDT, U. et al. (2016). Eating disorders: the big issue. Lancet Psychology, v. 3, 313-315, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00081-X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00081-X
SEFTON, J.; BURKHARDT, T. Introduction to the tactical athlete special issue. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(11), 845, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.16
TYLKA, T.; van DIEST, A. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, v. 60, p. 137-153, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030893. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030893
van DYKE, N.; DRINKWATER, E. Review article relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review. Public Health Nutrition, v. 17, n. 8, p. 1757-1766, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013002139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013002139
van STRIEN; T., HERMAN, C.; VERHEIJDEN, M. Dietary restraint and body mass change. A 3-year follow up study in a representative Dutch sample. Appetite, v. 76, v. 44:49, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.015
ZEULNER, B.; ZIEMAINZ, H.; BEYER, C.; HAMMON, M.; JANKA, R. Disordered eating and exercise dependence in endurance athletes. Advances in Physical Education, v. 6, p. 76-87, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2016.62009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2016.62009
Copyright (c) 2024 Claudia de Mello Meirelles, Heitor Milagres, Angela Neves (Autor)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
