Setenta años de las operaciones de paz

Los principales dilemas y desafíos

Abstract

United Nations peacekeeping is the most effective tools to respond to the challenges of global peace and security. However, the international system has changed dramatically since the first deployment of peacekeepers in 1948; new actors and challenges emerged and mandates evolved. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the three main challenges for United Nations peace missions in the 21st century: the use of force for the protection of peacekeepers;
the relationship of peacekeeping with counterterrorism; and combating sexual and genderbased violence perpetrated by members of peacekeeping missions or country forces operating under the UN mandate. For that, a correlational study was carried out, in which the hypothetical deductive method was used and the data collection was done in a qualitative way. It was noted that, in relation to the first two challenges, the UN should create a doctrine that would allow
the use of force to protect its peacekeepers and also deal with the issue of terrorism without distorting the principles governing peace. Nevertheless, it was found that tackling the problem of sexual and gender-based violence in peace missions included increasing the number of women at all stages, including leadership positions.